The Banu al-Nadir Expulsion (59:2-6)
The Banu al-Nadir were a Jewish tribe of Medina who had signed the Constitution of Medina. When they plotted against the Prophet (in violation of the treaty), he besieged their fortresses. The Quran describes their departure:
“It is He who expelled the ones who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture from their homes at the first gathering. You did not think they would leave, and they thought that their fortresses would protect them from Allah; but [the decree of] Allah came upon them from where they had not expected.” (59:2)
The Quran notes that the palm trees felled in the siege — normally forbidden in Islamic warfare — were permitted specifically for this situation, and the entire outcome was ordained.
The Quran’s Mountain (59:21)
“If We had sent down this Quran upon a mountain, you would have seen it humbled and coming apart from fear of Allah. And these examples We present to the people that perhaps they will give thought.”
The Quran’s thiqal (weight/heaviness) is so great that a mountain — symbol of ultimate stability — would be shattered by it. The rhetorical function: if you feel nothing when you hear the Quran, reflect on what you have hardened within yourself.
The Divine Names (59:22-24)
Three verses, 14-15 names:
59:22: He is Allah — there is no deity except Him, Knower of the unseen and the witnessed. He is the Most Compassionate (al-Rahman), the Most Merciful (al-Rahim).
59:23: He is Allah — there is no deity except Him, the Sovereign (al-Malik), the Holy (al-Quddus), the Source of Peace (al-Salam), the Granter of Security (al-Mu’min), the Protector (al-Muhaymin), the Exalted in Might (al-‘Aziz), the Compeller (al-Jabbar), the Superior (al-Mutakabbir). Exalted is Allah above whatever they associate with Him.
59:24: He is Allah, the Creator (al-Khaliq), the Inventor (al-Bari’), the Fashioner (al-Musawwir). To Him belong the best names. Whatever is in the heavens and earth exalts Him, and He is the Exalted in Might (al-‘Aziz), the Wise (al-Hakim).
The Prophet recommended reciting these verses in the morning and evening as protection and as the heart’s daily orientation to divine reality.
See also: Quran Sciences, Tafsir Overview, Asma Al Husna, Adhkar, Seerah Medina, Tawhid Divine Unity