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Abdullah ibn Zubayr — The Second Caliph of Mecca: Resistance, the Ka'ba Rebuilt, and Death at Hajjaj's Hands

عَبدُ اللهِ بنُ الزُّبَير — الخَلِيفَةُ الثَّانِي لِمَكَّة: المُقَاوَمَةُ وَإِعَادَةُ بِنَاءِ الكَعبَةِ وَالمَوتُ عَلَى يَدِ الحَجَّاج
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Abdullah ibn Zubayr (عَبدُ اللهِ بنُ الزُّبَير; 624-692 CE; son of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, one of the ten promised Paradise, and Asma bint Abi Bakr, daughter of the first caliph; first child born to the Muhajirun in Medina after the Hijra) was the last major challenger to Umayyad rule in the Hijaz. After Yazid ibn Muawiya's brief reign ended in chaos, Abdullah declared himself Caliph and controlled the sacred cities of Mecca and Medina for approximately nine years (683-692 CE). He rebuilt the Ka'ba according to what he understood was the Prophet's original intention (including both the Hijr Ismail and a second door) and was ultimately besieged and killed when Hajjaj ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi's Umayyad army bombarded the Masjid al-Haram with catapults — an event considered one of the gravest violations of Mecca's sanctity in Islamic history.

The First Child Born After Hijra

When the Muhajirun arrived in Medina, some among them feared a Jewish curse had rendered them sterile — no children had been born to the emigrants. Abdullah ibn Zubayr’s birth broke this fear. The Prophet was among the first to hold him, pressing a date into his mouth as the first thing to touch his palate (a practice of tahnik). The infant’s first taste was the Prophet’s saliva mixed with date: a tremendous blessing (baraka).


The Rebuilding of the Ka’ba

When Yazid’s forces besieged Mecca in 683 CE, a fire broke out (from catapults) that damaged the Ka’ba structure. After the siege ended with Yazid’s death, Abdullah ibn Zubayr undertook the complete reconstruction of the Ka’ba. He is reported to have consulted Aisha (his aunt), who told him the Prophet had said: “Were it not that your people had just left the time of disbelief… I would add to the Ka’ba from the Hijr [Ismail], give it two doors at ground level, one for entering and one for exiting, and build it on the foundations of Ibrahim.”

Abdullah rebuilt the Ka’ba on what he understood to be Ibrahim’s foundations — including the Hijr Ismail and adding a second door. After his death, Hajjaj demolished this version and rebuilt it in its current form on Qurayshi foundations.


The Siege and Martyrdom

When Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan consolidated Umayyad power, he sent Hajjaj ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi against Mecca. Hajjaj besieged the Masjid al-Haram — bombarding the Ka’ba itself with catapults, one of the most controversial military actions in Islamic history. After months, Abdullah’s support collapsed. Even his sons urged surrender. He reportedly said: “By Allah, if I were killed unjustly, I would prefer that to living under humiliation.” He went out to fight and was killed. His mother Asma bint Abi Bakr — over 100 years old — reportedly counseled him before his final battle: “Go out, my son, to what is honorable; do not submit to humiliation.”

See also: Seerah Umar Ibn Khattab, Seerah Ali, Karbala, Seerah Husayn Ibn Ali, Seerah Aisha, Masjid Al Nabawi

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