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al-Walid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira — The Son of the Quraysh's Chieftain Who Was a Secret Muslim Trapped in Mecca, Mentioned in Quran 4:97 as Among the Oppressed, and Whose Story Became the Classical Case for Hijra Obligation

الوَلِيدُ بنُ الوَلِيدِ بنِ المُغِيرَة — ابنُ زَعِيمِ قُرَيشٍ الَّذِي كَانَ مُسلِمًا سِرًّا مَحبُوسًا فِي مَكَّةَ وَالمَذكُورُ فِي القُرآنِ 4:97 بِوَصفِهِ مِنَ المُستَضعَفِينَ وَقِصَّتُهُ صَارَت الحَالَةَ الكلاسِيكِيَّةَ لِوُجُوبِ الهِجرَة
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al-Walid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira (الوَلِيدُ بنُ الوَلِيدِ بنِ المُغِيرَة; d. c. 8 AH; son of al-Walid ibn al-Mughira [the Quraysh chieftain whose death the Prophet was told in Surah al-Muddaththir was imminent]; accepted Islam secretly; captured at the Battle of Badr while fighting for Quraysh — before he accepted Islam — then ransomed; after he converted to Islam he was prevented from emigrating to Medina by his family [including his brothers who opposed Islam]; remained in Mecca as a secret Muslim unable to leave; the Quran revealed 4:97 addressing his situation: 'Indeed, those whom the angels take in death while wronging themselves — [the angels] will say: In what condition were you? They will say: We were oppressed in the land. The angels will say: Was not the earth of God spacious enough for you to emigrate therein?'; al-Walid eventually escaped to Medina; died of wounds sustained in the battle of Muta or similar campaigns; his case was the primary reference point for classical jurists discussing the obligation of hijra for Muslims unable to practice their faith) is the Companion whose Quranic mention established the doctrine of obligatory hijra.

The Son of Quraysh’s Chief

His father, al-Walid ibn al-Mughira, was one of the most powerful and hostile Quraysh leaders — the man who publicly called the Quran “magic from the past” (74:24-25) and whose pending death was announced in the early Meccan surahs. Al-Walid ibn al-Walid’s position was thus remarkable: the son of one of Islam’s chief opponents became a secret Muslim.


The Badr Captivity

Al-Walid was captured at Badr while fighting on the Quraysh side — this was before his conversion. His capture occurred, his family paid the ransom, and he was released. Some time after release he accepted Islam. Now, as a Muslim in a family that largely opposed Islam, he could not freely leave Mecca without being stopped.


Quran 4:97 — The Verse of the Oppressed

“Indeed, those whom the angels take in death while wronging themselves — the angels will say: In what condition were you? They will say: We were oppressed in the land. The angels will say: Was not the earth of God spacious enough for you to emigrate therein?”

This verse was revealed about those who remained in Mecca after being able to emigrate (or who made insufficient effort to do so). Al-Walid’s name was later associated with those who had genuine reasons for being unable to emigrate — the next verse (4:98) immediately exempts “the truly weak among men, women, and children who have no means and no way.”

See also: Seerah Al Walid Ibn Al Mughirah, Seerah Uqba Ibn Abi Muayt, Seerah Early Mecca, Seerah Conquest Mecca, Seerah Jabir Ibn Samurah

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