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al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam — The Prophet's Disciple and the Last of the Companions He Praised: A Life from the Fifth Muslim to the Battle of the Camel

الزُّبَيرُ بنُ العَوَّام — حَوَارِيُّ النَّبِيِّ وَآخِرُ مَن أَثنَى عَلَيهِ مِن الصَّحَابَة: حَيَاةٌ مِن الخَامِسِ فِي الإِسلَامِ إِلَى مَعرَكَةِ الجَمَل
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al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam al-Asadi al-Qurashi (الزُّبَيرُ بنُ العَوَّامِ الأَسَدِيُّ القُرَشِيّ; d. 36 AH / 656 CE; cousin of the Prophet through both their mothers [his mother Safiyya bint Abd al-Muttalib was the Prophet's paternal aunt]; one of the ten Companions specifically promised paradise; married Abu Bakr's daughter Asma bint Abi Bakr; father of Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr; the Prophet said *'Every prophet has a disciple (*hawari*) and my disciple is al-Zubayr'*; one of the early six Muslims; present at virtually every major battle; killed after the Battle of the Camel while withdrawing from the fighting) is one of the most senior Companions — and one of the most tragic endings in the early community, killed not by an enemy but by a man who used the Prophet's name to stop him from fighting.

The Prophet’s Disciple

Al-Zubayr accepted Islam as a boy — by some accounts at age eight, making him among the very first Muslims. The Prophet specifically applied the word hawari (disciple — the word used for the disciples of Jesus in the Quran) to him alone among the Companions: “Every prophet has a disciple and my disciple is al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam.”

He was among the ten Companions whom the Prophet promised paradise by name.


The First Sword

A narration preserved in multiple collections: al-Zubayr heard a rumor that the Prophet had been captured, and he drew his sword and walked through Mecca. He was a boy. He encountered the Prophet himself, who was safe. The Prophet asked what he was doing. Al-Zubayr told him. The Prophet prayed for him. This episode is sometimes cited as the first Muslim to unsheathe a sword in Islam’s defense.


The Battle of the Camel

Al-Zubayr was a major figure in the first civil war (fitnah). He allied with Aisha and Talha ibn Ubaydallah against Ali ibn Abi Talib in the Battle of the Camel (36 AH / 656 CE). Before the battle began, Ali reportedly reminded al-Zubayr of a saying of the Prophet — that a time would come when al-Zubayr would fight Ali unjustly. Al-Zubayr withdrew from the battle.

He was killed while withdrawing, by a man who claimed the Prophet had promised salvation to whoever killed him — a claim the tradition roundly rejects.

See also: Seerah Asmaa Bint Abi Bakr, Aisha Bint Abi Bakr, Seerah Talha Ibn Ubaydullah, Seerah Sad Ibn Muadh, Seerah Badr

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