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Zayd ibn Arqam — The Boy Who Exposed a Hypocrite and Narrated the Hadith of Ghadir

زَيدُ بنُ أَرقَم — الفَتَى الَّذِي فَضَحَ مُنَافِقًا وَرَوَى حَدِيثَ الغَدِير
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Zayd ibn Arqam al-Ansari (زَيدُ بنُ أَرقَمٍ الأَنصَارِيّ; d. c. 66 AH / 686 CE; from Medina; Companion; narrated 70+ hadiths; settled in Kufa after the conquests) is remembered for two distinct moments in Islamic history. The first: as a young boy, he overheard Abd Allah ibn Ubayy, the chief hypocrite of Medina, saying contemptuous things about the Prophet during the campaign of Banu Mustaliq. He reported this to the Prophet; revelation confirmed it (Surah 63); ibn Ubayy's son, also a sincere Muslim, came to ask the Prophet's permission to execute his own father if commanded. Second: Zayd ibn Arqam is among the primary narrators of the Hadith al-Thaqalayn (the hadith of the Two Weighty Things) at Ghadir Khumm, which is foundational in Shia and Ismaili tradition.

The Hypocrite’s Words and the Young Boy’s Courage

During the expedition to Banu Mustaliq (628 CE), a dispute over a water source broke out between an Ansari (Medinan) and a Muhajir (Meccan emigrant). When it was reported to Abd Allah ibn Ubayy, leader of the Medina hypocrites, he made his contemptuous remark: “When we return to Medina, the honored ones will drive out the lowly ones” — meaning he and his associates would drive out the Prophet and the emigrants.

Zayd ibn Arqam, a young boy who was present, heard this and went immediately to the Prophet to report it.

The response was divided: Umar wanted to have Ibn Ubayy executed; the Prophet declined, saying it would be said that Muhammad killed his own Companions. Then revelation came — Surah al-Munafiqun (63) — confirming Zayd’s report and establishing that even if you ask forgiveness for them seventy times, it will not be granted to the hypocrites.

Ibn Ubayy’s own son, Abd Allah, heard what his father had said. He came to the Prophet and asked: if the Prophet commanded it, he would bring his father’s head. The Prophet declined again. The son then stood at the gate of Medina on their return and held his sword to his father’s face, saying he would not let him pass until he acknowledged that the Prophet was the honored and he himself was the lowly.


The Hadith of Ghadir Khumm

After the Farewell Pilgrimage (632 CE), at a place called Ghadir Khumm between Mecca and Medina, the Prophet gave a speech and reportedly said — in the version narrated by Zayd ibn Arqam and others: “I am leaving among you two weighty things: the Book of Allah and my Ahl al-Bayt… they will not separate from each other until they return to me at the Pool.”

See also: Seerah Ali, Seerah Umar Ibn Khattab, Prophet Muhammad, Understanding Walayah, Seerah Abu Bakr, Hijra

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