Knowledge History & Heritage

Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin — The Sole Surviving Imam Who Turned Captivity into the Psalms of Islam

عَلِيُّ بنُ حُسَينٍ زَينُ العَابِدِين — الإِمَامُ النَّاجِي الوَحِيدُ الَّذِي حَوَّلَ الأَسرَ إِلَى مَزَامِيرِ الإِسلَام
2 min read · 330 words

Ali ibn Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib, known as Zayn al-Abidin (عَلِيُّ بنُ حُسَينٍ زَينُ العَابِدِين — Ornament of the Worshippers; also al-Sajjad — the one who prostrates; c. 38-94 AH / 658-712 CE; the 4th Imam in the Shia reckoning; son of Husayn ibn Ali; sole adult male survivor of Karbala, having been too ill to fight; taken as a captive to Damascus; released; lived quietly in Medina for 34 years; author of *Al-Sahifa Al-Sajjadiyya* — the collection of prayers that is the greatest literary monument of the Ahl al-Bayt) is the Imam who made quiet survival an act of witness: present at the worst moment of his family's history, too ill to die with them, he returned to Medina and poured 34 years into prayer.

The Survivor of Karbala

At Karbala (680 CE), Ali ibn Husayn was gravely ill — some accounts say burning with fever. He could not stand, could not fight. When Shimr ibn Dhil Jawshan approached to kill him, Zaynab al-Kubra threw herself over him and Umar ibn Sa’d overruled: the sick man would be spared.

He was taken in chains with the women of the family — his aunts, his sisters, the children — on the march to Kufa and then Damascus. In Yazid’s court, Zaynab spoke; in Kufa’s streets, Zaynab spoke. Ali ibn Husayn, when he finally spoke before Yazid, made his own speech that is preserved in the sources.

He was eventually released and returned to Medina.


Al-Sahifa Al-Sajjadiyya

The collection of 54 supplication-prayers (du’as) attributed to Ali ibn Husayn is called Al-Sahifa Al-Sajjadiyya — “the Book of the Prostrating One” — or Zabur Al Muhammad (the Psalms of the Family of Muhammad). In Shia tradition, it is the third most sacred text after the Quran and the Nahj al-Balagha of Imam Ali.

The prayers cover every human state and need — morning and evening, at the start of the month, for parents, for children, for the sick, for enemies, for gratitude, for shame after sin. Their Arabic is of the highest literary register. They encode Ismaili and Shia theology in the grammar of prayer.


His Quiet Resistance

He refused political activity and public opposition after Karbala — in an entirely different mode from his grandmother Fatima or his aunt Zaynab. He taught in Medina, prayed, fed the poor secretly at night, and released slaves.

The story: after his death, the people of Medina discovered that many of the city’s poor had been fed by an unknown provider for years. When they looked at his body, they found calloused marks on his back from carrying sacks of flour and food to the needy houses at night.

See also: Seerah Husayn, Seerah Ali, Seerah Khadijah, Understanding Walayah, Dai Al Mutlaq, Ismaili Dawat Organization

← All articles
← Previous
Wuhayb ibn Ward al-Makki — The Meccan Ascetic Whose Every Word About the Spiritual Life Carried the Weight of Silence
Next →
Said ibn al-Musayyib — The Chief of the Tabi'in: He Refused the Caliph's Son as a Son-in-Law and Chose Prison Instead

More in History & Heritage

← Back to all articles